Power factor has been defined earlier as a function of active and apparent power. For sinusoidal (undistorted) voltage and current, a vector representation is also possible and helpful.
For most electrical loads like motors, the current I is lagging behind the voltage V by an angle phi.
Ia is called the “active” component of the current.
Ir is called the “reactive” component of the current.
Voltage and current vectors
6 Benefits are described here:
In an AC distribution system, the maximum active power is transmitted to a load when voltage and current are undistorted and in phase.
power factor definition
The definition of “Power Factor” relies on the definitions of “active power” and “apparent power”.
Re active energy and power harmonics explained with a car
Are you a driver? I am sure yes, therefore you will understand power harmonics right away
Imagine a straight road, flat, a perfectly smooth surface, a constant speed. Your car works well, consumes as little as possible, and can run indefinitely.
It’s like an electrical grid with a constant power without harmonics.
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