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Introduction
Electrical earthing / grounding is one of the most important aspects of any electrical installation. Earthing or Grounding is a technique which is as old as the use of electrical power on a commercial scale. The practice came in to existence in the early days of electricity when the systems in use were all ungrounded and that led to frequent hazardous incidents caused due to electric shocks.
The term Earthing or Grounding simply means connecting the electrical system / equipment to the ground by means of a suitable conductor. Such a ground connection provides a common return path for safe discharge of electricity to the ground.
A properly grounded electrical system serves mainly two purposes:
a) It prevents from the risk of electrical shocks to any human being coming in contact with the system.
b) It protects the connected equipment from any possible damage occurring due to leakage currents or lightening or voltage surges, by providing a safe passage to these currents to ground.
Earthing of an electrical system is achieved by inserting an electrode (plate type / rod type) in to the solid mass of earth and then connecting this electrode to the earth wire coming from the electrical equipment.
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